Publications

“An Experimental Evaluation of Three Teacher Quality Measures: Value-Added, Classroom Observations, and Student Surveys,” forthcoming, Economics of Education Review (with Andrew Bacher-Hicks, Mark J. Chin, and Thomas J. Kane) (also NBER working paper #23478).

Implications of an Aging Rural Physician Workforce,” 2019, New England Journal of Medicine, 381(4):299-301 (with Lucy Skinner, David Auerbach and Peter Buerhaus).

School District Reform in Newark: Within- and Between-School Changes in Achievement Growth,” 2019, ILR Review, 72(2):323-354 (with Mark Chin, Thomas Kane, Whitney Kozakowski and Beth Schueler) (also NBER working paper #23922).

An Instrumental Variable Procedure for Estimating Cox Models with Non-Proportional Hazards in the Presence of Unmeasured Confounding,” 2019, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series C, 68(4):985-1005 (with Pablo Martinez-Camblor, Todd MacKenzie, Phillip Goodney and James O’Malley).

Adjusting for bias introduced by instrumental variable estimation in the Cox proportional hazards model,” 2019, Biostatistics, 20(1):80-96 (with Pablo Martínez-Camblor, Todd Mackenzie, Philip Goodney, and James O’Malley).

Learning by the Book: Comparing Math Achievement Growth by Textbook in Six Common Core States,” Research Report, 2019. Cambridge, MA: Center for Education Policy Research, Harvard University (With David Blazer, Blake Heller, Thomas Kane, Morgan Polikoff, Scott Carrell, Dan Goldhaber, Douglas Harris, Rachel Hitch, Kristian Holden, and Michal Kurlaander).

Association of Patient Acuity and Missed Nursing Care in US Neonatal Intensive Care Units,” Medical Care Research and Review, 2018, Online at https://doi.org/10.1177/1077558718806743 (with Eileen Lake, Emily Cramer, Linda Hatfield, Jessica Smith, Beatrice Kalisch and Jeannette Rogowski).

Comparing Long-Term Mortality After Carotid Endartectomy vs Carotid Stenting Using a Novel Instrumental Variable Method for Risk Adjustment in Observational Time-to-Event Data,” JAMA Network Open, 2018, 1(5):e181676 (with Jesse Columbo, Pablo Martinez-Camblor, Todd MacKenzie, Ravindar King, Philip Goodney, and James O’Malley).

Association Between the Growth of Accountable Care Organizations and Physician Work Hours and Self-Employment,” JAMA Network Open, 2018, 1(3):e180876 (with Anwita Mahajan, Lucy Skinner, David Auerbach and Peter Buerhaus).

Growing Ranks of Advanced Practice Clinicians – Implications for the Physician Workforce,” New England Journal of Medicine, 2018, 378(25):2358-2360 (with David Auerbach and Peter Buerhaus).

Nursing Care Disparities in Neonatal Intensive Care Units,” Health Services Research, 2018, 53(4):3007-3026, (with Eileen Lake, Erika Edwards, Jessica Smith, and Jeannette Rogowski).

What Healthcare Teaches Us About Measuring Productivity in Higher Education,” Productivity in Higher Education, 2018, University of Chicago Press.

Improving nursing workforce forecasts: Comparative analysis of the cohort supply model and the health workforce simulation model,” Nursing Economics, 2017, 35(6):283-294 (with David Auerbach, Aprita Chattopadhyay, George Zangaro, and Peter Buerhaus).

State of the Registered Nurse Workforce as a New Era of Health Reform Emerges,” Nursing Economics, 2017, 35(5):229-237 (with David Auerbach, Lucy Skinner, and Peter Buerhaus).

Millenials Almost Twice as Likely to be Registered Nurses as Baby Boomers Were,” Health Affairs, 2017, 36(10):1804-1807 (with David Auerbach and Peter Buerhaus).

Four Challenges Facing the Nursing Workforce in the United States,” Journal of Nursing Regulation, 2017, 8(2):40-46 (with Peter Buerhaus, Lucy Skinner, and David Auerbach).

Teaching Higher: Educators’ Perspectives on Common Core Implementation, Center for Education Policy Research, Harvard University, 2016 (with Thomas Kane, Antoniya Owens, William Marinell, and Daniel Thal).

How fast will the registered nurse workforce grow through 2030? Projections in nine regions of the country,” Nursing Outlook, 2016 in press (with David Auerbach and Peter Buerhaus).

Sources of Inefficiency in Healthcare and Education,” American Economic Review: Papers & Proceedings, 2016, 106(5):383-387 (with Amitabh Chandra).

Association Between Having a Highly Educated Spouse and Physician Practice in Rural Underserved Areas,” JAMA, 2016, 315(9):939-941 (with Samuel Marshall, David Goodman, David Auerbach, and Peter Buerhaus).

Recent Changes in the Number of Nurses Graduating From Undergraduate and Graduate Programs,” Nursing Economics, 2016, 34(1):46-48 (with Peter Buerhaus and David Auerbach).

Technology Diffusion and Productivity Growth in Health Care,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 2015, 97(5):951-964 (with Jonathan Skinner).

Do Associate Degree Registered Nurses Fare Differently in the Nurse Labor Market Compared to Baccalaureate-Prepared RNs?” Nursing Economics, 2015, 33(1):8-13,35 (with David Auerbach and Peter Buerhaus).

Nurse Staffing in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in the United States,” Research in Nursing & Health, 2015, 38(5):333-341 (with Jeannette Rogowski, Thelma Patrick, Jeffrey Horbar, Michael Kenny and Eileen Lake).

Will the RN Workforce Weather the Retirement of the Baby Boomers?” Medical Care, 2015, 53(10):850-856 (with David Auerbach and Peter Buerhaus).

Disparities in Perinatal Quality Outcomes in Very Low Birth Weight Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care,” Health Services Research, 2015, 50(2):374-397 (first published online 22 SEP 2014), (with Eileen Lake, Jeffrey Horbar, Michael Kenny, Thelma Patrick and Jeannette Rogowski).

Registered nurses are delaying retirement, a shift that has contributed to recent growth in the nurse workforce,” Health Affairs, 2014, 33(8):1474-80 (with David Auerbach and Peter Buerhaus).

Reliability of Surgical Outcomes for Predicting Future Hospital Performance,” Medical Care, 2014, 52(6):565-571 (with Robert Krell and Justin Dimick)

Comment on “Why the Geographic Variation in Health Care Spending Can’t Tell Us Much About the Efficiency or Quality of our Health Care System” by Louise Sheiner, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Fall 2014, pp. 53-72.

Making Decisions with Imprecise Performance Measures: The Relationship Between Annual Student Achievement Gains and a Teacher’s Career Value Added,” Chapter 5, pp. 144-169, in Kane, T. J., Kerr, K. A. and Pianta, R. C. Designing teacher evaluation systems: New guidance from the Measures of Effective Teaching project. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2014.

Teacher Effects and Teacher-Related Policies,” Annual Review of Economics, Vol. 6, forhcoming (with Kirabo Jackson and Jonah Rockoff).

Making Decisions with Imprecise Performance Measures: The Relationship Between Annual Student Achievement Gains and a Teacher’s Career Value Added,” Chapter 5 in Kane, T.J., Kerr, K.A. and Pianta, R.C. Designing teacher evaluation systems: New guidance from the Measures of Effective Teaching project. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2014 (forthcoming).

School Choice, School Quality and Postsecondary Attainment,American Economic Review, 2014, 104(3):991-1013 (with Dave Deming, Justine Hastings, and Thomas Kane).

The Rapid Growth of Graduates From Associate, Baccalaureate, and Graduate Programs in Nursing,” Nursing Economic$, 2014, 32(6):290-295,311 (with Peter Buerhaus and David Auerbach).

Composite Quality Measures for Common Inpatient Medical Conditions,” Medical Care, 2013, 51(9):832-837 (with Lena Chen, John Birkmeyer, Andrew Ryan, Wenying Zhang, and Justin Dimick).

Nurse Staffing and NICU Infection Rates,” JAMA Pediatrics, 2013, 167(5):444-450, (with Jeannette Rogowski, Thelma Patrick, Jeffrey Horbar, Michael Kenny, and Eileen Lake).

The Nursing Workforce in an Era of Health Care Reform,New England Journal of Medicine, 2013, 368(16):1470-1472 (with David Auerbach, Ulrike Muench and Peter Buerhaus).

Projections of the Long-Term Growth of the Registered Nurse Workforce: A Regional Analysis,” Nursing Economic$, 2013, 31(1):13-17 (with Peter Buerhaus, David Auerbach and Ulrike Muench).

Composite Measures for Profiling Hospitals on Surgical Morbidity,” Annals of Surgery, 2013, 257(1):67-72 (with Justin Dimick, Bruce Hall, Clifford Ko, and John Birkmeyer).

Observational Intensity bias associated with illness adjustment: cross sectional analysis of insurance claims,” BMJ, 346:f549, 2013 (with John Wennberg, Sandra Sharp, Daniel Gottlieb, Gwyn Bevin, Klim McPherson, and Gilbert Welch).

Have We Identified Effective Teachers? Validating Measures of Effective Teaching Using Random Assignment,” MET Project Research Paper, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, January 2013 (with Thomas Kane, Daniel McCaffrey, and Trey Miller).

A Composite Estimator of Effective Teaching,” MET Project Research Paper, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, January 2013 (with Kata Mihaly, Daniel McCaffrey, and J.R. Lockwood).


Information and Employee Evaluation: Evidence from a Randomized Intervention in Public Schools,” American Economic Review, forthcoming (with Jonah Rockoff, Tom Kane and Eric Taylor).

Composite Measures for Rating Hospital Quality with Major Surgery,” Health Services Research, forthcoming (with Justin Dimick, Nicholas Osborne, Lauren Nicholas, and John Birkmeyer).

Association Between Hospital Recognition for Nursing Excellence and Outcomes of Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants,” JAMA, 307(16):1709-1716, 2012 (with Eileen Lake, Jeffrey Horbar, Robyn Cheung, Michael Kenny, Thelma Patrick, and Jeannette Rogowski).

Registered Nurse Labor Supply and the Recession – Are We in a Bubble?,New England Journal of Medicine, 366(16):1463-1465, 2012 (with David Auerbach and Peter Buerhaus).

Gathering Feedback for Teaching: Combining High-Quality Observations with Student Surveys and Achievement Gains,” MET Project Research Paper, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, January 2012 (with Thomas J. Kane and others).

Can You Recognize an Effective Teacher When You Recruit One?,” Education Finance and Policy, Winter 2011, Vol. 6, No. 1: 43–74 (with Jonah Rockoff, Brian Jacob, and Tom Kane).

Registered Nurse Supply Grows Faster Than Projected Amid Surge in New Entrants Ages 23-26,” Health Affairs, December 2011, 30(12):2286-2292 (with David Auerbach and Peter Buerhaus).

Health Care Reform and the Health Care Workforce: The Massachusetts Experience,” New England Journal of Medicine, 365(e24):1-3, September 22, 2011 (with David Auerbach and Peter Buerhaus).

Passing Muster: Evaluating Teacher Evaluation Systems,” report for the Brown Center on Education Policy, the Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, April 26, 2011 (with Steven Glazerman, Dan Goldhaber, Susanna Loeb, Stephen Raudenbush and Grover Whitehurst).

Evaluating Teachers: The Important Role of Value Added,” report for the Brown Center on Education Policy, the Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, November 17, 2010 (with Steven Glazerman, Dan Goldhaber, Susanna Loeb, Stephen Raudenbush and Grover Whitehurst).

Learning About Teaching: Initial Findings from the Measures of Effective Teaching Project,” MET Project Research Paper, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Fall 2010 (with Thomas J. Kane and others).

America’s Teacher Corps,” report for the Brown Center on Education Policy, the Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, March 15, 2010 (with Steven Glazerman, Dan Goldhaber, Susanna Loeb, and Grover Whitehurst).

Ranking Hospitals on Surgical Mortality: The Importance of Reliability Adjustment,” Health Services Research, 45(6), 2010 (with Justin Dimick and John Birkmeyer). Appendix

Searching for Effective Teachers with Imperfect Information,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 24(3):97-118, 2010 (with Jonah Rockoff). Appendix

Is There Monopsony in the Labor Market? Evidence from a Natural Experiment,” Journal of Labor Economics, 28(2):211-236, 2010 (with Joanne Spetz and Ciaran Phibbs,).

Trends in the Work Hours of Physicians in the United States,” JAMA, 303(8):747-753, 2010 (with David Auerbach and Peter Buerhaus). Tables

Looking Back, Moving Forward,” New England Journal of Medicine, 362(7):569-574, 2010 (with Jonathan Skinner and Elliott Fisher).

Comparison of Physician Workforce Estimates and Supply Projections,JAMA, 302(15):1674-1680, 2009 (with David Auerbach and Peter Buerhaus).

The Recent Surge in Nurse Employment: Causes and Implications,” Health Affairs, 28(4):w657-w668, 2009 (with Peter Buerhaus and David Auerbach).

Composite Measures for Predicting Surgical Mortality In the Hospital,” Health Affairs, 28(4):1189-1198, 2009 (with Justin Dimick, Onur Baser, and John Birkmeyer).

Outlier Payments for Cardiac Surgery and Hospital Quality,Health Affairs, 28(4):1154-1160, 2009 (with Onur Baser, Zhaohui Fan, Justin Dimick, and John Birkmeyer).

Empirically Derived Composite Measures of Surgical Performance,Medical Care, 47(2):226-233, February 2009 (with Justin Dimick, Onur Baser, Zhaohui Fan, and John Birkmeyer). Appendix

Abortion and Selection,Review of Economics and Statistics, 91(1):124-136, February 2009(with Elizabeth Ananat, Jonathan Gruber and Phillip Levine).

What Does Certification Tell Us About Teacher Effectiveness?: Evidence from New York City,” Economics of Education Review, 27(6):615-631, December 2008 (with Thomas Kane and Jonah Rockoff).

The Effect of Randomized School Admissions on Voter Participation,” Journal of Public Economics, 91:915-937, June 2007 (with Justine Hastings, Thomas Kane and Jeffrey Weinstein).

Do Race-Specific Models Explain Disparities in Treatments After Acute Myocardial Infarction?,” American Heart Journal 153(5):785-791, May 2007 (with Ashish Jha, Amitabh Chandra, and Lee Lucas).

Photo Finish: Certification Does Not Guarantee a Winner,” Education Next, pp. 60-67, Winter 2007 (with Thomas Kane and Jonah Rockoff).

Productivity Spillovers in Healthcare: Evidence From the Treatment of Heart Attacks,” Journal of Political Economy, 115(1):103-140, February 2007 (with Amitabh Chandra).

Technology Adoption from Hybrid Corn to Beta Blockers,” in Ernst R. Berndt and Charles R. Hulten, eds., Hard-to-Measure Goods and Services: Essays in Honor of Zvi Grilliches, University of Chicago Press and NBER, Chicago, IL, 2007 (with Jonathan Skinner).

Better Late Than Never: Workforce Supply Implications of Later Entry Into Nursing,” Health Affairs, 26(1):178-185, January/February 2007 (with David Auerbach and Peter Buerhaus).

“Creating Accountable Care Organizations: The Extended Hospital Medical Staff,” Health Affairs, web exclusive, 26(1):w44-w57, December 2006 (with Elliott Fisher, Julie Bynum, and Daniel Gottlieb).

“Are Mortality Rates for Different Operations Related? Implications for Measuring the Quality of Non-Cardiac Surgery,” Medical Care, 44(8):774-778, August 2006 (with Justin Dimick and John Birkmeyer).

“School Quality, Neighborhoods and Housing Prices,” American Law and Economics Review, 9(2):183-212, Summer 2006 (with Thomas Kane and Stephanie Riegg).

Gender and Performance: Evidence From School Assignment By Randomized Lottery,” American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, May 2006 (with Justine Hastings and Thomas Kane).

Identifying Effective Teachers Using Performance on the Job,” The Hamilton Project white paper 2006-01, the Hamilton Project, Washington, DC, 2006 (with Robert Gordon and Thomas Kane).

Operative Mortality and Procedure Volume as Predictors of Subsequent Hospital Performance,” Annals of Surgery, 243(3):411-417, March 2006 (with John Birkmeyer and Justine Dimick).

Is Technological Change in Medicine Always Worth It? The Case of Acute Myocardial Infarction,” Health Affairs, Web Exclusive, February 7, 2006 (with Jonathan Skinner and Elliott Fisher).

 

Mortality Among Very Low Birthweight Infants in Hospitals Serving Minority Populations,” American Journal of Public Health, 95(12):2206-2212, December 2005, (with Leo S Morales, Jeffery D Horbar, Joseph Carpenter, Michael Kenny, Jeffery Geppert, and Jeannette Rogowski).

Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction in Hospitals That Disproportionately Treat Black Patients,” Circulation, 112:2634-2641, October 25, 2005 (with Jonathan Skinner, Amitabh Chandra, Julie Lee, and Mark McClellan).

Hospital-level Racial Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction Treatment and Outcomes,” Medical Care, 43(4):308-319, April 2005 (with Amber Barnato, Lee Lucas, David Wennberg and Amitabh Chandra).

Fiscal Shenanigans, Targeted Federal Health Care Funds, and Patient Mortality,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, February 2005 (with Katherine Baicker).

New Signs of a Strengthening U.S. Nurse Labor Market?” Health Affairs, Web Exclusive, November 17th, 2004 (with Peter Buerhaus and David Auerbach).

Variations in the quality of care for very low birth weight infants: Implications for policy”, Health Affairs, 23(5):88-97, September/October 2004 (with Jeffrey Horbar and Jeannette Rogowski).

Indirect vs Direct Hospital Quality Indicators for Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants,” JAMA, 291(2): 202-209, January 14, 2004 (with Jeannette Rogowski, Jeffrey Horbar, Michael Kenny, Joseph Carpenter, Jeffrey Geppert).

Abortion Policy and Fertility Outcomes: The Eastern European Experience,” Journal of Law and Economics, 47(1):223-243, April 2004 (with Phil Levine).

Is The Current Shortage of Hospital Nurses Ending?” Health Affairs, 22(6):191-198, November/December 2003 (with Peter Buerhaus and David Auerbach).

Unintended Consequences of Racial Subgroup Rules,” in No Child Left Behind? The Politics and Practice of School Accountability, Paul Peterson and Martin West, Eds., Brookings Institution Press, Washington DC, 2003 (with Thomas Kane).

School Accountability Ratings and Housing Values,” in Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs 2003, Brookings Institution Press, Washington DC, 2003 (with Thomas Kane and Gavin Samms).

 

 

Prices, Wages and the U.S. NAIRU in the 1990s”, in The Roaring Nineties, Alan Krueger and Robert Solow, Eds., 3-60, Russell Sage Foundation, New York, 2002 (also NBER working paper #8320) (with James Stock and Mark Watson).

Volatility in School Test Scores: Implications for Test-Based Accountability Systems,” Brookings Papers on Education Policy, 2002 (with Thomas Kane).

The Promise and Pitfalls of Using Imprecise School Accountability Measures,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(4):91-114, fall 2002 (with Thomas Kane).

Randomly Accountable,” Education Next, Spring 2002, pp. 57-61 (with Thomas Kane and Jeffrey Geppert). (earlier version available as “Assessing the Definition of `Adequate Yearly Progress’ in the House and Senate Education Bills,” 2001).

 

“Why are registered nurse shortages concentrated in hospital specialty care units?” Nursing Economic$. 2000;18(3):111-116 (with Peter Buerhaus and David Auerbach).

Rigid Rules Will Damage Schools,” New York Times Op-Ed, page A21, Monday, August 13, 2001 (with Thomas Kane).

Health Insurance and Female Labor Supply in Taiwan,” The Journal of Health Economics. 2001;20(2):187-212 (with Y.J. Chou).

 

Why are shortages of hospital RNs concentrated in specialty care units?” Nursing Economic$. 2000;18(3):111-116 (with Peter Buerhaus and David Auerbach).

Comparing Hospital Quality at For-Profit and Not-for-Profit Hospitals,” in David Cutler (ed.) The Changing Hospital Industry. 2000, University of Chicago Press, Chicago IL, pp. 93-112 (with Mark McClellan). (also NBER working paper #7324).

Comparing the Quality of Health Care Providers,” in Alan Garber (ed.) Frontiers in Health Policy Research, Volume 3. 2000, The MIT Press, Cambridge MA, pp. 113-136 (with Mark McClellan).

Implications of an Aging Registered Nurse Workforce,” JAMA 2000; 283 (22): 2948-2954 (with Peter Buerhaus and David Auerbach).

Associate degree graduates and the rapidly aging registered nurse workforce,” Nursing Economic$. 2000; 18(4):178-184 (with Peter Buerhaus and David Auerbach).

Expanding Career Opportunities for Women and the Declining Interest in Nursing as a Career,” Nursing Economic$. 2000; 18(5):230-236 (with Peter Buerhaus and David Auerbach).

Policy Responses to an Aging Registered Nurse Workforce,” Nursing Economic$. 2000;18(6):278-284 (with Peter Buerhaus and David Auerbach).

 

Abortion Legalization and Child Living Circumstances: Who is the Marginal Child’,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(1), 1999, 263-291 (with Jonathan Gruber and Phillip Levine). (also NBER working paper #6034).

Roe V. Wade and American Fertility,” American Journal of Public Health, 89(2), 1999, 199-103 (with Phillip Levine, Thomas Kane and David Zimmerman). (also NBER working paper #5615).

Trouble in the Nurse Labor Market? Recent Trends and Future Outlook for Nurse Earnings and Employment,” Health Affairs, January/February, 18(1), 1999, 214-222 (with Peter Buerhaus).

 

How Precise are Estimates of the Natural Rate of Unemployment,” with James H. Stock and Mark Watson,in Christina Romer and David Romer (ed.) Reducing Inflation: Motivation and Strategy, University of Chicago Press, 1997 (also NBER working paper #5477).

The NAIRU, Unemployment, and Monetary Policy,” with James H. Stock and Mark Watson, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11(1), Winter 1997, 33-49.

Instrumental Variables Regression with Weak Instruments,” with James H. Stock, Econometrica, 65(3), May 1997, 557-586.

 

Managed Care and the Nurse Workforce,” JAMA, 276(18), November 13, 1996, 1487-1493 (with Peter Buerhaus ).

Teen Motherhood and Abortion Access,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 111(2):467-506, 1996 (with Tom Kane).

How Hospital Ownership Affects Access to Care for the Uninsured,” Rand Journal of Economics, 25(1), Spring 1994, 171-185 (with Edward Norton).