Jump to: Our research • Other research discussed here • Other related topics: East African modern climate • East African glaciers • East African and tropical paleoclimate
Here is the research that our research group has published on the Rwenzori Mountains:
Doughty, A.M., Kelly, M.A., Russell, J.M., Jackson, M.S., Anderson, B.M., Chipman, J.W., Nakileza, B., Dee, S.G., 2020. Modeling glacier extents and equilibrium line altitudes in the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda, over the last 31,000 yr. In: Waitt RB, Thackray GD, Gillespie AR, eds., Untangling the Quaternary Period: A Legacy of Stephen C. Porter: Geological Society of America Special Paper 548, 171–188. doi.org/10.1130/2020.2548(09)
Garelick, S., Russell. J.M., Richards, A., Smith, J., Kelly, M.A., Anderson, N.C., Jackson, M.S., Doughty, A.M., Nakileza, B., Ivory, S., Marshall, C., 2022. The dynamics of warming during the last deglaciation in high-elevation regions of Eastern Equatorial Africa: Quaternary Science Reviews 281, 107416. doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107416
Jackson, M.S., Kelly, M.A., Russell, J.M., Doughty, A.M., Howley, J.A., Chipman, J.W., Cavagnaro, D.A., Baber M.B., Zimmerman, S.R.H., Nakileza, B., 2020. Glacial fluctuations in tropical Africa during the last glacial termination and implications for tropical climate following the Last Glacial Maximum: Quaternary Science Reviews 243, 106455. doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106455
Jackson, M.S., Kelly, M.A., Russell, J.M., Doughty, A.M., Howley, J.A., Chipman, J.W., Cavagnaro, D., Nakileza, B., Zimmerman, S.H., 2019. High-latitude warming initiated the onset of the last deglaciation in the tropics: Science Advances 5, eaaw2610. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw2610
Jackson, M.S., 2019. Glacial history of the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda. Dartmouth College Ph.D. Dissertation, 234 p. Jackson dissertation PDF
Kelly, M.A., Russell, J.M., Baber, M.B., Howley, J.A., Loomis, S.E., Zimmerman, S.R., Nakileza, B., Lukaye, J., 2014. Expanded glaciers during a dry and cold Last Glacial Maximum in equatorial East Africa: Geology 42 (6), 519-522. doi.org/10.1130/G35421.1
Loomis, S.E., Russell, J.M., Verschuren, D., Morrill, C., De Cort, G., Sinninghe Damasté, J.S., Olago, D., Eggermont, H., Street-Perrott, F.A., Kelly, M.A., 2017. The tropical lapse rate steepened during the Last Glacial Maximum: Science Advances 3, e1600815. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1600815
Russell, J., Eggermont, H., Taylor, R., Verschuren, D., 2009. Paleolimnological records of recent glacier recession in the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda-D. R. Congo: Journal of Paleolimnology, 41 (2), 253-271. doi.org/10.1007/s10933-008-9224-4
Vickers AC, Shakun JD, Goehring BM, Gorin A, Kelly MA, Jackson MS, Doughty AD, Russell JM, 2021. Similar Holocene glaciation histories in tropical South America and Africa: Geology 49, 140-144. doi.org/10.1130/G48059.1
Here are references for other research on the Rwenzori Mountains that we have discussed on this website:
Lentini, G., Cristofanelli, P., Duchi, R., Marinoni, A., Verza, G., Vuillermoz, E., Toffolon, R., Bonasoni, P., 2011. Mount Rwenzori (4750 m a.s.l., Uganda): Meterological characterization and air-mass transport analysis: Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria, v. 34(3), p. 183-193. doi:10.4461/GFDQ.2011.34.17
Osmaston, H., 1989. Glaciers, glaciations and equilibrium line altitudes on the Rwenzori. In: Mahaney, W.H., ed., Quaternary and environmental research on East African mountains: 31-104. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003211457
Osmaston, H., 2004. Quaternary glaciations in the East African mountains. In: Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P. L., eds., Developments in Quaternary Sciences 2 (C), 139-150. doi.org/10.1016/S1571-0866(04)80119-2
Taylor, R.G., Mileham, L., Tindimugaya, C., Majugu, A., Muwanga, A., Nakileza, B., 2006. Recent glacial recession in the Rwenzori Mountains of East Africa due to rising air temperature: Geophysical Research Letters 33, L10402. doi.org/10.1029/2006GL025962
Here are references for other relevant research:
East African Modern Climate
Diem, J. E., Hartter, J., Ryan, S. J., Palace, M. W., 2014. Validation of Satellite Rainfall Products for Western Uganda: Journal of Hydrometeorology 15 (5), 2030-2038. doi/10.1175/JHM-D-13-0193.1
Diem, J. E., Ryan, S. J., Hartter, J., Palace, M. W., 2014. Satellite-based rainfall data reveal a recent drying trend in central equatorial Africa: Climatic Change 126 (1), 263-272. doi:/10.1007/s10584-014-1217-x
Dinku, T., Ceccato, P., Connor, S. J., 2011. Challenges of satellite rainfall estimation over mountainous and arid parts of east Africa: International Journal of Remote Sensing 32 (21), 5965-5979. doi:10.1080/01431161.2010.499381
Lee, S.-K., Park, W., Baringer, M. O., Gordon, A. L., Huber, B., Liu, Y., 2015. Pacific origin of the abrupt increase in Indian Ocean heat content during the warming hiatus: Nature Geoscience 8, 445. doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2438
Nicholson, S., 2015. Long-term variability of the East African ‘short rains’ and its links to large-scale factors: International Journal of Climatology 35 (13), 3979-3990. doi.org/10.1002/joc.4259
Nicholson, S. E., 2000. The nature of rainfall variability over Africa on time scales of decades to millennia: Global and Planetary Change, 26 (1), 137-158. doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8181(00)00040-0
Schneider, T., Bischoff, T., Haug, G. H., 2014. Migrations and dynamics of the intertropical convergence zone: Nature 513, 45. doi.org/10.1038/nature13636
Ssemmanda, I. Vincens, A., 2015. Vegetation Response to Temperature Change on the Rwenzori Slopes, Western Uganda: Preliminary Results from Pollen Analysis 10, 128-134. http://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/viewFile/22717/22997
Stampone, 2011. Trends and Variability in Localized Precipitation Around Kibale National Park, Uganda, Africa: Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences 3 (1), 14-23. https://scholars.unh.edu/geog_facpub/5/
Thompson, L. G., Mosley-Thompson, E., Davis, M. E., Zagorodnov, V. S., Howat, I. M., Mikhalenko, V. N., Lin, P.-N., 2013. Annually Resolved Ice Core Records of Tropical Climate Variability over the Past ~1800 Years: Science 340 (6135), 945-950. doi: 10.1126/science.1234210
Ummenhofer, C. C., Gupta, A. S., England, M. H., Reason, C. J. C., 2009. Contributions of Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperatures to Enhanced East African Rainfall: Journal of Climate 22 (4), 993-1013. doi/10.1175/2008JCLI2493.1
Whittow, J. B., 1966, The Landforms of the Central Ruwenzori, East Africa: The Geographical Journal, v. 132, no. 1, p. 32-42.https://www.jstor.org/stable/1793050?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
Williams, A. P., and Funk, C., 2011, A westward extension of the warm pool leads to a westward extension of the Walker circulation, drying eastern Africa: Climate Dynamics, v. 37, no. 11, p. 2417-2435. doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0984-y
East African Glaciers
Bergström, E., 1955, British Ruwenzori Expedition, 1952 Glaciological Observations—Preliminary Report: Journal of Glaciology, v. 2, p. 469–476, doi: 10.3189/002214355793702352. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-glaciology/article/british-ruwenzori-expedition-1952-glaciological-observationspreliminary-report/EDD2625B1A1CC1D46E6733D7A097052D
Kaser, G., and Noggler, B., 1991, Observations on Speke Glacier, Ruwenzori Range, Uganda: Journal of Glaciology, v. 37, p. 313–318, doi: 10.3189/S0022143000005736. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-glaciology/article/observations-on-speke-glacier-ruwenzori-range-uganda/EE323CD8FF7DC2F88091F6CE7D050FBA
Kaser, G., 2001, Glacier-climate interaction at low latitudes: Journal of Glaciology, v. 47, p. 195-204.
Kaser, G., Osmaston, H., 2002, Tropical Glaciers. Cambridge University Press.
Mölg, T., Georges, C., Kaser, G., 2003, The contribution of increased incoming shortwave radiation to the retreat of the Rwenzori Glaciers, East Africa, during the 20th century: International Journal of Climatology, v. 23, p. 291-303.
Nicholson, L. I., Prinz, R., Mölg, T., & Kaser, G. (2013). Micrometeorological conditions and surface mass and energy fluxes on Lewis Glacier, Mt Kenya, in relation to other tropical glaciers. The Cryosphere, 7(4), 1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1205-2013 https://search.proquest.com/docview/1431131023?pq-origsite=gscholar
Osmaston, H., 1989b, Glaciers, glaciations and equilibrium line altitudes on Kilimanjaro: Quaternary and environmental research on East African mountains, p. 7-30.
Temple, P. H., 1968, Further Observations on the Glaciers of the Ruwenzori: Geografiska Annaler. Series A, Physical Geography, v. 50, no. 3, p. 136-150. https://www.jstor.org/stable/520572?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
Thomas, M., Christian, G., and Georg, K., 2003, The contribution of increased incoming shortwave radiation to the retreat of the Rwenzori Glaciers, East Africa, during the 20th century: International Journal of Climatology, v. 23, no. 3, p. 291-303. https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/joc.877
Whittow, J.B., 1959, The glaciers of Mount Baker, Ruwenzori: The Geographical Journal, v. 125, p. 370-379.
Whittow, J.B., 1960, Some observations on the snowfall of Ruwenzori: Journal of Glaciology, v. 3, p. 765-772.
Whittow, J.B., Shepherd, A., Goldthorpe, J.E., Temple, P.H., 1963, Observations on the glaciers of the Ruwenzori: Journal of Glaciology, v. 4, p. 581-616.
East African and Tropical Paleoclimate
Benn, D. I., Owen, L. A., Osmaston, H. A., Seltzer, G. O., Porter, S. C., and Mark, B., 2005, Reconstruction of equilibrium-line altitudes for tropical and sub-tropical glaciers: Quaternary International, v. 138-139, p. 8-21. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618205000388
Bonnefille, R., Roeland, J. C., and Guiot, J., 1990, Temperature and rainfall estimates for the past 40,000 years in equatorial Africa: Nature, v. 346, p. 347. https://www.nature.com/articles/346347a0
Broecker, W. S. & A. E. Putnam (2013) Hydrologic impacts of past shifts of Earth’s thermal equator offer insight into those to be produced by fossil fuel CO2. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110, 16710-16715. http://www.pnas.org/content/110/42/16710/tab-article-info
Chiang, J. C. H. (2009) The Tropics in Paleoclimate. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 37, 263-297. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.earth.031208.100217
Farrera, I., Harrison, S.P., Prentice, I.C., Ramstein, G., Guiot, J., Bartlein, P.J., Bonnefille, R., Bush, M., Cramer, W., von Grafenstein, U., Holmgren, K., Hooghiemstra, H., Hope, G., Jolly, D., Lauritzen, S-E., Ono, Y., Pinot, S., Stute, M., Yu, G., 1999, Tropical climates at the Last Glacial Maximum: a new synthesis of terrestrial palaeoclimate data. I. Vegetation, lake-levels and geochemistry: Climate Dynamics, v. 15, p. 823-856.
Gasse, F., 2000, Hydrological changes in the African tropics since the Last Glacial Maximum: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 19, p. 189-211.
Hastenrath, S., 2009, Past glaciation in the tropics: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 28, p. 790-798.
Hessler, I., Dupont, L., Bonnefille, R., Behling, H., González, C., Helmens, K. F., Hooghiemstra, H., Lebamba, J., Ledru, M.-P., Lézine, A.-M., Maley, J., Marret, F., and Vincens, A., 2010, Millennial-scale changes in vegetation records from tropical Africa and South America during the last glacial: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 29, no. 21, p. 2882-2899. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379109004028
Hoffmann, D.L. Rogerson, M., Spötl, C., Luetscher, M., Vance, D., Osborne, A.H., Fello, N.M., Moseley, G.E., 2016, Timing and causes of North African wet phases during the last glacial period and implications for modern human migration: Scientific Reports, v. 6, p. 36367.
Jomelli, V., V. Favier, M. Vuille, R. Braucher, L. Martin, P. H. Blard, C. Colose, D. Brunstein, F. He, M. Khodri, D. L. Bourlès, L. Leanni, V. Rinterknecht, D. Grancher, B. Francou, J. L. Ceballos, H. Fonseca, Z. Liu & B. L. Otto-Bliesner (2014) A major advance of tropical Andean glaciers during the Antarctic cold reversal. Nature, 513, 224. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13546
Kageyama, M., Harrison, S.P., Abe-Ouchi, A., 2005, The depression of tropical snowlines at the Last Glacial Maximum: What can we learn from climate model experiments?: Quaternary International, v. 138-139, p. 202-219.
Kaufmann, G., Romanov, D., 2012, Landscape evolution and glaciation of the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda: Insights from numerical modeling. Geomorphology, 138(1), 263-275.
Kaufmann, G., Hinderer, M., Romanov, D., 2016, Shaping the Rwenzoris: balancing uplift, erosion, and glaciation: International Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 105, p. 1761-1778.
Loomis, S.E., Russell, J.M., Ladd, B., Street-Perrott, F.A., and Sinnighe-Damste, J.S., 2012, Calibration and application of the branched GDGT temperature proxy on East African lake sediments: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 357-358, p. 277-288.
Loomis, S. E., J. M. Russell & H. F. Lamb (2015) Northeast African temperature variability since the Late Pleistocene. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 423, 80-90. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018215000541
Lui, Z., Shin, S.-I., Otto-Bliesner, B., Kutzbach, J.E., Brady, E.C., Lee, D., 2002, Tropical cooling at the last glacial maximum and extratropical ocean ventilation: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 29, p. 48-1- 48-8.
Mark, B.G., Harrison, S.P., Spessa, A., New, M., Evans, D.J.A., Helmens, K.F., 2005, Tropical snowline changes at the last glacial maximum: A global assessment: Quaternary International, v. 138-139, p. 168-201.
McClymont, E. L., and Rosell-Melé, A., 2005, Links between the onset of modern Walker circulation and the mid-Pleistocene climate transition: Geology., v. 33, no. 5, p. 389-392. http://dro.dur.ac.uk/8936/
Merlis, T. M., Schneider, T., Bordoni, S., and Eisenman, I., 2013, The Tropical Precipitation Response to Orbital Precession: Journal of Climate, v. 26, no. 6, p. 2010-2021. https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00186.1
Osmaston, H. A., and Harrison, S. P., 2005, The Late Quaternary glaciation of Africa: A regional synthesis: Quaternary International, v. 138-139, p. 32-54. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618205000406
Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Russell, J. M., Clark, P. U., Liu, Z., Overpeck, J. T., Konecky, B., deMenocal, P., Nicholson, S. E., He, F., and Lu, Z., 2014, Coherent changes of southeastern equatorial and northern African rainfall during the last deglaciation: Science, v. 346, no. 6214, p. 1223-1227. http://science.sciencemag.org/content/346/6214/1223.full
Polissar, P. J., Abbott, M. B., Wolfe, A. P., Vuille, M., and Bezada, M., 2013, Synchronous interhemispheric Holocene climate trends in the tropical Andes: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 110, no. 36, p. 14551-14556. http://www.pnas.org/content/110/36/14551
Porter, S. C., 2001, Snowline depression in the tropics during the Last Glaciation: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 20, p. 1067-1091.
Rind, D., Peteet, D.,1985, Terrestrial Conditions at the Last Glacial Maximum and CLIMAP Sea-Surface Temperature Estimates: Are They Consistent?: Quaternary Research, v. 24, p. 1-22.
Saraswat, R., Nigam, R., Weldeab, S., Mackensen, A., Naidu, P.D., 2005, A first look at past sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Indian Ocean from Mg/Ca in foraminifera: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 32, no. 24. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2005GL024093
Shanahan T.M., Overpeck, J.T., Scholz, C.A., Beck, J.W., Peck, J., King, J.W., 2008, Abrupt changes in the water balance of tropical West Africa during the late Quaternary: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, v. 113, no. D12. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2007JD009320
Tierney, J. E., Russell, J. M., Sinninghe Damsté, J. S., Huang, Y., and Verschuren, D., 2011, Late Quaternary behavior of the East African monsoon and the importance of the Congo Air Boundary: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 30, no. 7, p. 798-807. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379111000321
Uwe, R., 2008, Extreme uplift of the Rwenzori Mountains in the East African Rift, Uganda: Structural framework and possible role of glaciations: Tectonics, v. 27, no. 4. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2007TC002176
Verschuren, D., Sinninghe Damsté, J. S., Moernaut, J., Kristen, I., Blaauw, M., Fagot, M., Haug, G. H., and members, C. p., 2009, Half-precessional dynamics of monsoon rainfall near the East African Equator: Nature, v. 462, p. 637. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature08520
Weldeab, S., Lea, D. W., Schneider, R. R., and Andersen, N., 2007, 155,000 Years of West African Monsoon and Ocean Thermal Evolution: Science, v. 316, no. 5829, p. 1303-1307. http://science.sciencemag.org/content/316/5829/1303