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Lesson 15.15: Tree and Pillar Cult

Lesson 15 Bibliography: Minoan Religion

S. Crooks, What Are These Queer Stones? Baetyls: Epistemology of a Minoan Fetish [BAR-IS 2511] (Oxford 2013).

S. Crooks, C. Tully, and L. A. Hitchcock, “Numinous Tree and Stone: Re-animating the Minoan Sacred Landscape,” in E. Alram-Stern, F. Blakolmer, S. Deger-Jalkotzy, R. Laffineur, and J. Weilhartner (eds.), METAPHYSIS: Ritual, Myth and Symbolism in the Aegean Bronze Age [Aegaeum 39] (Liège 2016) 157-164.

A. Evans, “The Mycenaean Tree and Pillar Cult and its Mediterranean Relations,” JHS 21(1901) 99-204.

M. Gallo, “Per una reconsiderazione del betilo in ambito minoico,” Creta Antica 6(2005) 47-58.

L. Goodison, “‘Why All This about Oak or Stone?’: Trees and Boulders in Minoan Religion,” in A. L. D’Agata and A. Van de Moortel (eds.), Archaeologies of Cult: Essays on Ritual and Cult in Crete in Honor of Geraldine C. Gesell [Hesperia Supplement 42] (Princeton 2009) 51-57.

Ch. Kardara, “Hypaithrioi styloi kai dendra os mesa epiphaneias tou theou tou keraunou,” ArchEph (1966) 149-200.

E. Kyriakidis, “Pithos or Baetyl? On the Interpretation of a Group of Minoan Rings,” OpAth 25-26(2000-01) 117-118.

E. Kyriakidis, “Situations in the Study of Minoan Iconography: The Situation of the Baetyls,” in A. G. Vlachopoulos (ed.), ΧΡΩΣΤΗΡΕΣ/Paintbrushes: Wall-painting and Vase-painting of the Second Millennium BC in Dialogue (Athens 2018) 243-250.

V. La Rosa, “Minoan Baetyls: Between Funerary Rituals and Epiphanies,” in R. Laffineur and R. Hägg (eds.), POTNIA: Deities and Religion in the Aegean Bronze Age [Aegaeum 22] (Liège/Austin 2001) 221-227.

K. T. Mammel, Bodies in Bloom: The Association of Flora and Female Figures in Late Bronze Age Aegean Iconography (Senior Honors thesis, Dartmouth College 2011). 

N. Marinatos, “The Date Palm in Minoan Iconography and Religion,” OpAth 15(1984) 115-122.

N. Marinatos, “The Tree as a Focus of Ritual Action in Minoan Glyptic Art,” in W. Müller (ed.), Fragen und Probleme der bronzezeitlichen ägäischen Glyptik [CMS Beiheft 3] (Berlin 1989) 127-143.

N. Marinatos, “The Tree, the Stone and the Pithos: Glimpses into a Minoan Ritual,” in R. Laffineur (ed.), Annales d’archéologie de la Grèce antique [Aegaeum 6] (Liège 1990) 79-91.

E. Papatsaroucha, “La pierre et l’objet double: questions iconographiques de la glyptique minoenne,” in I. Bradfer, B. Detournay, and R. Laffineur (eds.), KRES TECHNITES: L’artisan crétois: Recueil d’articles en l’honneur de Jean-Claude Poursat, publié à l’occasion des 40 ans de la découverte du Quartier Mu [Aegaeum 26] (Liège/Austin 2005) 177-184.

B. Rutkowski, “Der Baumkult in der Ägäis,” Visible Religion 3(1984) 159-171.

T. Strasser, “Storage and States on Prehistoric Crete: The Function of the Koulouras in the First Minoan Palaces,” JMA 10(1997) 73-100.

C. J. Tully, “Virtual Reality: Tree Cult and Epiphanic Ritual in Aegean Glyptic Iconography,” JPR 25(2016) 35-46.

C.J. Tully, Cultic Life of Trees in the Prehistoric Aegean, Levant, Egypt and Cyprus [Aegaeum 42] (Leuven/Liège 2018).

P. Warren, “Of Baetyls,” OpAth 18(1990) 193-206.

J. G. Younger, “Tree Tugging and Omphalos Hugging on Minoan Gold Rings,” in A. L. D’Agata and A. Van de Moortel (eds.), Archaeologies of Cult: Essays on Ritual and Cult in Crete in Honor of Geraldine C. Gesell [Hesperia Supplement 42] (Princeton 2009) 43-49.


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