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Lesson 9.8: Burial Customs and Excavations of Tombs and Cemeteries

Lesson 9 Bibliography: Middle Helladic Greece

M. J. Alden, Well Built Mycenae 7: Prehistoric Cemetery: Pre-Mycenaean and Early Mycenaean Graves (Oxford 2002).

E. Andrikou, “Taphika ethima tes Meses Epoches tou Chalkou ste Theva,” in V. Aravantinos and E. Kountouri (eds.), 100 Chronia archaiologikou ergou ste Theba. Oi protergates ton erevnon kai oi synechistes tous (Athens 2014) 117-137.

V. Aravantinos and K. Psaraki, “The Middle Helladic Cemeteries of Thebes. General Review and Remarks in the Light of New Investigations and Finds,” in A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds.), MESOHELLADIKA: The Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age [BCH Supplement 52] (Paris 2010) 377-395.

A. Balitsari and J. K. Papadopoulos, “A Cist Tomb on the South Bank of the Eridanos in the Athenian Agora and the Middle Bronze Age in Athens,” Hesperia 87(2018) 215-277.

E. T. Blackburn, Middle Helladic Graves and Burial Customs with Special Reference to Lerna in the Argolid (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Cincinnati 1970).

C. W. Blegen, Prosymna. The Helladic Settlement Preceding the Argive Heraeum (Cambridge 1937).

M. J. Boyd, Middle Helladic and Early Mycenaean Mortuary Practices in the Southern and Western Peloponnese [BAR-IS 1009] (Oxford 2002).

M. J. Boyd, “Becoming Mycenaean? The Living, the Dead, and the Ancestors in the Transformation of Society in Second Millennium BC Southern Greece,” in C. Renfrew, M. J. Boyd, and I. Morley (eds.), Death Rituals, Social Order and the Archaeology of Immortality in the Ancient World: “Death Shall Have No Dominion” (Cambridge 2016) 200-220.

W. Cavanagh, A. Lagia, and C. Mee, “Mortuary Practices in the Middle Bronze Age at Kouphovouno: Vernacular Dimensions of the Mortuary Ritual,” in A. Dakouri-Hild and M. J. Boyd (eds.), Staging Death: Funerary Performance, Architecture and Landscape in the Aegean (Berlin 2016) 207-226.

W. Cavanagh and C. Mee, A Private Place: Death in Prehistoric Greece [SIMA 125] (Jonsered 1998) 23-39.

M. Cultraro, “In Death Not Separated. Evidence of Middle Bronze Age Intramural Burials at Poliochni on Lemnos,” in A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds.), MESOHELLADIKA: The Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age [BCH Supplement 52] (Paris 2010) 919-930.

Ph. Dakaronia, Marmara. Ta hypomykenaïka nekrotapheia ton tymbon (Athens 1987).

F. Dakoronia, “The Marmara Tumuli: Their Contribution to Greek Protohistory,” in E. Borgna and S. Müller Celka (eds.), Ancestral Landscapes: Burial Mounds in the Copper and Bronze Ages (Lyon 2011) 579-584.

F. Dakoronia, “Mittlehelladische Gräber in Ost-Lokris,” AM 102(1987) 55-64.

O. T. P. K. Dickinson, “Cist Graves and Chamber Tombs,” BSA 78(1983) 55-67.

O. Dickinson, “Continuities and Discontinuities in Helladic Burial Customs during the Bronze Age,” in A. Dakouri-Hild and M. J. Boyd (eds.), Staging Death: Funerary Performance, Architecture and Landscape in the Aegean (Berlin 2016) 317-334.

S. Dietz, Asine II,2: Results of the Excavations East of the Acropolis 1970-1974. The Middle Helladic Cemetery, The Middle Helladic and Early Mycenaean Deposits (Stockholm 1980).

L. Dor, J. Jannoray, H. and M. van Effenterre, Kirrha. Étude de préhistoire phocidienne (Paris 1960).

J. Forsén, “Aphidna in Attica Revisited,” in A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds.), MESOHELLADIKA: The Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age [BCH Supplement 52] (Paris 2010) 223-234.

Y. Galanakis, “Mnemonic Landscapes and Monuments of the Past: Tumuli, Tholos Tombs and Landscape Associations in Late Middle Bronze Age and Early Late Bronze Age Messenia (Greece),” in E. Borgna and S. Müller Celka (eds.), Ancestral Landscapes: Burial Mounds in the Copper and Bronze Ages (Lyon 2011) 219-229.

M. Hielte-Stavropoulou and M. Wedde, “Sam Wide’s Excavation at Aphidna – Stratigraphy and Finds,” in R. Hägg (ed.), Peloponnesian Sanctuaries and Cults (Stockholm 2002) 21-24.

A. Ingvarsson-Sundström, Children Lost and Found: A Bioarchaeological Study of Middle Helladic Children in Asine with a Comparison to Lerna (Ph.D. dissertation, Uppsala University 2003).

A. Ingvarsson-Sundström, Asine III: Supplementary Studies on the Swedish Excavations 1922-1930. Fasc. 2: Children Lost and Found: A Bioarchaeological Study of Middle Helladic Children in Asine with a Comparison to Lerna (Stockholm 2008).

A. Ingvarsson -Sundström, M. P. Richards, and S. Voutsaki, “Stable Isotope Analysis of the Middle Helladic Population from Two Cemeteries at Asine: Barbouna and the East Cemetery,” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 9(2009) 1-14.

A. Ingvarsson-Sundström, S. Voutsaki, and E. Milka, “Diet, Health and Social Differentiation in Middle Helladic Asine: A Bioarchaeological View,” in S. Voutsaki and S. M. Valamoti (eds.), Diet, Economy and Society in the Ancient Greek World: Towards a Better Integration of Archaeology and Science [Pharos Supplement 1] (Leuven 2013) 149-   .

M. Kasimi-Soutou, “Mesoelladikos taphos polemiste apo te Theba,” ArchDelt 35A[1980] (1986) 88-101.

I. Kilian-Dirlmeier, “Reiche Gräber der mittelhelladischen Zeit,” in R. Laffineur and W-D. Niemeier (eds.), POLITEIA: Society and State in the Aegean Bronze Age [Aegaeum 12] (Liège/Austin 1995) 49-53.

I. Kilian-Dirlmeier, Alt-Ägina IV, 3: Das mittelbronzezeitliche Schachtgrab von Ägina (Mainz 1997).

I. Kilian-Dirlmeier, Die bronzezeitlichen Gräber bei Nidri auf Leukas: Ausgrabungen von W. Dörpfeld 1903-1913 (Mainz 2005).

G. S. Korres, “Middle Helladic Tumuli in Messenia. Ethnological Conclusions,” in E. Borgna and S. Müller Celka (eds.), Ancestral Landscapes: Burial Mounds in the Copper and Bronze Ages (Lyon 2011) 585-596.

E. Koundouri and A. Gadolou (eds.), Sostikes Anaskaphes tes Archaiologikes Yperesias I: Ta nekrotapheia: chorotaxike organose – taphika ethima – teletourgies (Athens 2019).

A. Lagia and W. Cavanagh, “Burials from Kouphovouno, Sparta, Lakonia,” in A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds.), MESOHELLADIKA: The Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age [BCH Supplement 52] (Paris 2010) 333-346.

J. Lebegyev, “Phases of Childhood in Early Mycenaean Greece,” Childhood in the Past 2(2009) 15-32.

J. Maran, “Zur Zeitstellung der Grabhügel von Marmara (Mittelgriechenland),” Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 18(1988) 341-355.

J. Maran, “Zur mittelbronzezeitlichen Bebauungsschema auf der Pevkakia-Magula bei Volos,” in J-C. Decourt, B. Helly, and K. Gallis (eds.), La Thessalie. Quinze années de recherches archéologiques, 1975-1990: Bilans et perspectives (Athens 1994) 205-210.

S. Marinatos, “Anaskaphai Marathonas,” Prakt (1970) 5-28.

C. Merkouri and M. Kouli, “The Spatial Distribution and Location of Bronze Age Tumuli in Greece,” in E. Borgna and S. Müller Celka (eds.), Ancestral Landscapes: Burial Mounds in the Copper and Bronze Ages (Lyon 2011) 203-217.

P. McGeorge, “Intramural Infant Burials in the Aegean Bronze Age: Reflections on Symbolism and Eschatology with Particular Reference to Crete,” in O. Henry (ed.), Le mort dans la ville: Pratiques, contexts et impacts des inhumations intra-muros en Anatolie, du début de l’Âge du Bronze à l’époque romaine (Istanbul 2013) 1-19.

E. Milka, “Burials upon the Ruins of Abandoned Houses in the Middle Helladic Argolid,” in A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds.), MESOHELLADIKA: The Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age [BCH Supplement 52] (Paris 2010) 347-355.

S. Müller, “Les tumuli helladiques: où? quand? comment?,” BCH 113(1989) 1-42.

G. C. Nordquist, “Middle Helladic Burial Rites: Some Speculations,” in R. Hägg and G. C. Nordquist (eds.), Celebrations of Death and Divinity in the Bronze Age Argolid (Stockholm 1990) 35-41.

G. Nordquist, “Pots, Prestige and People. Symbolic Action in Middle Helladic Burials,” OpAth 27(2002) 119-135.

G. Nordquist and A. Ingvarsson-Sundström, “Live Hard, Die Young: Middle and Early Late Helladic Mortuary Remains of Children from the Argolid in Social Context,” in A. Dakouri-Hild and S. Sherratt (eds.), AUTOCHTHON: Papers Presented to O. T. P. K. Dickinson on the Occasion of His Retirement [BAR-IS 1432] (Oxford 2005) 156-174.

E. Palaiologou, “Mesoelladikoi taphoi apo te Midea,” in A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds.), MESOHELLADIKA: The Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age [BCH Supplement 52] (Paris 2010) 357-365.

M. Pantelidou-Gopha, A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, and N. Papadimitriou, “Melete Anaskaphes Vrana Marathonos,” Prakt [2014] (2016) 29-69.

M. Pantelidou-Gopha, A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, and N. Papadimitriou, “Melete Proïstorikon Tymbon Vrana Marathonos,” Prakt [2015] (2016) 25-70.

N. Papadimitriou, Built Chamber Tombs of Middle and Late Bronze Age Date in Mainland Greece and the Islands [BAR-IS 925] (Oxford 2001).

N. Papadimitriou, “Collective Selves and Funerary Rituals. Early Mycenaean Dromoi as Spaces of Negotiation and Embodiment of Social Identities,” in M. Mina, S. Triantaphyllou, and Y. Papadatos (eds.), An Archaeology of Prehistoric Bodies and Embodied Entities in the Eastern Mediterranean (Oxford 2016) 204-214.

N. Papadimitriou, “Counting Individuals, Reconstructing Groups. A Critical Review of Bioarchaeological Data from Middle Helladic and Mycenaean Graves,” in A. Schmitt, S. Déderix, and I Crevecoeur (eds.), Gathered in Death: Archaeological and Ethnological Perspectives on Collective Burial and Social Organization [Aegis 14] (Louvain-la-Neuve 2018) 159-188.

M.-Ph. Papakonstantinou, “Bronze Age Tumuli and Grave Circles in Central Greece: The Current State of Research,” in E. Borgna and S. Müller Celka (eds.), Ancestral Landscapes: Burial Mounds in the Copper and Bronze Ages (Lyon 2011) 391-399.

O. Pelon, Tholoi, tumuli, et cercles funéraires (Paris 1976).

V. P. Petrakis, “Diversity in Form and Practice in Middle Helladic and Early Mycenaean Elaborate Tombs: An Approach to Changing Prestige Expression in Changing Times,” in A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds.), MESOHELLADIKA: The Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age [BCH Supplement 52] (Paris 2010) 403-416.

L. Phialon, “Funerary Practices in Central Greece from the Middle Helladic into the Early Mycenaean Period,” in A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds.), MESOHELLADIKA: The Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age [BCH Supplement 52] (Paris 2010) 397-402.

A. Philippa-Touchais, “E mesoelladike Eftrese. Epanexetase ton architektonikon dedomenon,” Archaiologiko Ergo Thessalias kai Stereas Helladas I: Praktika epistemonikes synanteses, Volos 27.2 – 2.3.2003 (Volos 2006) 689-703.

M. Pomadère, “De l’indifférenciation à la discrimination spatiale des sepultures? Variété des comportements à l’égard des enfants morts pendant l’HM-HR I,” in A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds.), MESOHELLADIKA: The Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age [BCH Supplement 52] (Paris 2010) 417-429.

E. Protonotariou-Deïlaki, Oi tymboi tou Argous (Athens 1980). 

E. Protonotariou-Deïlaki, “Burial Customs and Funerary Rites in the Prehistoric Argolid,” in R. Hägg and G. C. Nordquist (eds.), Celebrations of Death and Divinity in the Bronze Age Argolid (Stockholm 1990) 69-83. 

J. Rambach, “Investigations of Two MH I Burial Mounds at Messenian Kastroulia (near Ellinika, Ancient Thouria),” in F. Felten, W. Gauss, and R. Smetana (eds.), Middle Helladic Pottery and Synchronisms [Ägina-Kolonna Forschungen und Ergebnisse I] (Vienna 2007) 137-150.

J. Rambach, “Die Ausgrabung von zwei mittelhelladisch I-zeitlichen Grabtumuli in der Flur Kastroulia bei Ellinika (Alt-Thouria) in Messenien,” in E. Borgna and S. Müller Celka (eds.), Ancestral Landscapes: Burial Mounds in the Copper and Bronze Ages (Lyon 2011) 463-474.

F. Ruppenstein, “Gender and Regional Differences in Middle Helladic Burial Customs,” in A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds.), MESOHELLADIKA: The Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age [BCH Supplement 52] (Paris 2010) 431-439.

E. Sapouna-Sakellaraki, “A Middle Helladic Tomb Complex at Xeropolis (Lefkandi),” BSA 90(1995) 41-54.

K. Sarri, “Intra, Extra, Inferus and Supra Mural Burials of the Middle Helladic Period: Spatial Diversity in Practice,” in A. Dakouri-Hild and M. J. Boyd (eds.), Staging Death: Funerary Performance, Architecture and Landscape in the Aegean (Berlin 2016) 117-138.

K. Sarri and S. Voutsaki, “The Argos ‘Tumuli’: A Re-examination,” in E. Borgna and S. Müller Celka (eds.), Ancestral Landscapes: Burial Mounds in the Copper and Bronze Ages (Lyon 2011) 433-443.

W. D. Taylour and R. Janko, “The Bronze Age Burials,” in W. D. Taylour and R. Janko (eds.), Ayios Stephanos: Excavations at a Bronze Age and Medieval Settlement in Southern Laconia [BSA Supplementary Volume 44] (London 2008) 121-144.

S. Triantaphyllou, “Prospects for Reconstructing the Lives of Middle Helladic Populations in the Argolid: Past and Present of Bone Studies,” in A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds.), MESOHELLADIKA: The Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age [BCH Supplement 52] (Paris 2010) 441-451.

S. Triantaphyllou, M. P. Richards, G. Touchais, A. Philippa-Touchais, and S. Voutsaki, "Analyses of Middle Helladic Skeletal Material from Aspis, Argos 2: Stable Isotope Analysis of Human Remains," BCH 130(2006) 627-637.

S. Triantaphyllou, M. P. Richards, C. Zerner, and S. Voutsaki, “Isotopic Dietary Reconstruction of Humans from Middle Bronze Age Lerna, Argolid, Greece,” JAS 35(2008) 3028-3034.

S. Voutsaki, “Age and Gender in the Southern Greek Mainland, 2000-1500 BC,” Ethnographisch-Archäologische Zeitung 46(2005) 339-363.

S. Voutsaki, S. Dietz, and A. J. Nijboer, “Radiocarbon Analysis and the History of the East Cemetery, Asine,” Opuscula (2010) 31-52.

S. Voutsaki, A. J. Nijboer, A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, and S. Triantaphyllou, “Analyses of Middle Helladic Skeletal Material from Aspis, Argos 1: Radiocarbon Analysis of Human Remains,” BCH 130(2006) 613-625.

S. Voutsaki, K. Sarri, O. Dickinson, S. Triantaphyllou, and E. Milka, “The Argos 'Tumuli' Project: A Report on the 2006 and 2007 Seasons,” Pharos 15(2009) 153-192.

S. Voutsaki, A. Ingvarsson-Sundström, and S. Dietz, “Tumuli and Social Status: A Re-examination of the Asine Tumulus,” in E. Borgna and S. Müller Celka (eds.), Ancestral Landscapes: Burial Mounds in the Copper and Bronze Ages (Lyon 2011) 445-461.

S. Voutsaki and E. Milka, “Social Change in Middle Helladic Lerna,” in C. Wiersma and S. Voutsaki (eds.), Social Change in Aegean Prehistory (Oxford 2017) 98-123.

H. Whittaker, “Religious Symbolism and the Use of Gold in Burial Contexts in the Late Middle Helladic and Early Mycenaean Periods,” SMEA 48(2006) 283-289.

H. Whittaker, Religion and Society in Middle Bronze Age Greece (Cambridge 2014).  [reviewed by V. Petrakis: http://www.ajaonline.org/online-review-book/2508]

S. Wide, “Aphidna in Nordattika,” AM 21(1896) 385-409.

M. Zavadil, Monumenta. Studien zu mittel- und späthelladischen Gräbern in Messenien (Vienna 2014).

C. W. Zerner, “Ceramics and Ceremony: Pottery and Burials from Lerna in the Middle and Early Late Bronze Ages,” in R. Hägg and G. C. Nordquist (eds.), Celebrations of Death and Divinity in the Bronze Age Argolid (Stockholm 1990) 23-34.


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