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Physical Anthropology

Physical Anthropology of Human Remains and Palaeodemography

M. J. Alden, Bronze Age Population Fluctuations in the Argolid from the Evidence of Mycenaean Tombs (Göteborg 1981).

J. L. Angel, “The Length of Life in Ancient Greece,” Journal of Gerontology 2(1947) 18-24.

J. L. Angel, “Early Helladic Skulls from Aghios Kosmas,” in G. E. Mylonas (ed.), Aghios Kosmas. An Early Bronze Age Settlement and Cemetery in Attica (Princeton 1959) 167-178.

J. L. Angel, Lerna II: The People (Princeton 1971).

J. L. Angel, "Human Skeletons from Grave Circles at Mycenae," in G. E. Mylonas, O Taphikos Kyklos ton Mykenon (Athens 1973) 379-397.

R. Arnott, “Healing and Medicine in the Aegean Bronze Age,” Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 89(1996) 265-270.

R. Arnott, "Surgical Practice in the Prehistoric Aegean," Medizinhistorisches Journal 32(1997) 249-278.

R. Arnott, "War Wounds and their Treatment in the Aegean Bronze Age," in R. Laffineur (ed.), POLEMOS. Le contexte guerrier en Égée à l'Âge du Bronze [Aegaeum 19] (Liège/Austin 1999) 499-506.

R. Arnott, “Healing Cult in Minoan Crete,” in P. P. Betancourt, V. Karageorghis, R. Laffineur, and W.-D. Niemeier (eds.), MELETEMATA: Studies in Aegean Archaeology Presented to Malcolm H. Wiener as He Enters His 65th Year [Aegaeum 20] (Liège/Austin 1999) 1-6.

R. Arnott, “Before Machaon and Podalirius: Minoan and Mycenaean Healers,” Cretan Studies 7(2002) 1-19.

R. Arnott and A. Morgan-Forster, “Health and Disease in Middle Helladic Greece,” in A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds.), MESOHELLADIKA: The Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age [BCH Supplement 52] (Paris 2010) 461-470.

R. Arnott and E. Stuckey, “Finding the Hydra: The Search for Malaria in the Prehistoric Aegean,” in K. P. Foster and R. Laffineur (eds.), METRON: Measuring the Aegean Bronze Age [Aegaeum 24] (Liège/Austin 2003) 209-215.

C. W. Beck and E. C. Stout, “Certainty and Doubt in Organic Residue Analysis,” in Y. Tzedakis, H. Martlew, and M. K. Jones (eds.), Archaeology Meets Science: Biomolecular Investigations in Bronze Age Greece: The Primary Scientific Evidence, 1997-2003 (Oxford 2008) 5-11.

M. Becker, "Human Skeletal Remains from Kato Zakro," AJA 79(1975) 271-276.

S. C. Bisel, "The Human Skeletal Remains," in W. A. McDonald and N. C. Wilkie (eds.),

Excavations at Nichoria in Southwest Greece II: The Bronze Age Occupation (Minneapolis 1992) 345-358.

S. C. Bisel and J. L. Angel, "Health and Nutrition in Mycenaean Greece: A Study in Human Skeletal Remains," in N. C. Wilkie and W. D. E. Coulson (eds.), Contributions to Aegean Archaeology: Studies in Honor of William A. McDonald (Minneapolis 1985) 197-210.

A. S. Bouwman, K. A. Brown, A. J. N. W. Prag, and T. A. Brown, “Kinship between Burials from Grave Circle B at Mycenae Revealed by Ancient DNA Typing,” JAS 35(2008) 2580-2584.

A. S. Bouwman, K. A. Brown, T. A. Brown, E. R. Chilvers, R. Arnott, and A. J. N. W. Prag, “Kinship in Aegean Prehistory? Ancient DNA in Human Bones from Mainland Greece and Crete,” BSA 104(2009) 293-309.

A. Bouwman, K. Brown, and J. Prag, “Middle Helladic Kinship: Families, Faces and DNA at Mycenae,” in A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds.), MESOHELLADIKA: The Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age [BCH Supplement 52] (Paris 2010) 453-459.

T. A. Brown, K. A. Brown, C. E. Flaherty, L. M. Little, and A. J. N. W. Prag, "DNA Analysis of Bones from Grave Circle B at Mycenae: A First Report," BSA 95(2000) 115-119.

K. A. Calnan, The Health Status of Bronze Age Greek Women (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Cincinnati 1992).

H. G. Carr, “Some Dental Characteristics of the Middle Minoans,” Man 60(1960) 119-122.

E. R. Chilvers, A. S. Bouwman, K. A. Brown, R. G. Arnott, A. J. N. W. Prag, and T. A Brown, “Ancient DNA in Human Bones from Neolithic and Bronze Age Sites in Greece and Crete,” JAS 35(2008) 2707-2714.

D. C. Cook, "Skeletal Evidence for Nutrition in Mesolithic and Neolithic Greece: A View from Franchthi Cave," in  S. Vaughan and W. Coulson (eds.), Paleodiet in the Aegean (Oxford 2000) 99-104.

J. Driessen, "The Archaeology of Aegean Warfare," in R. Laffineur (ed.), POLEMOS. Le contexte guerrier en Égée à l'Âge du Bronze [Aegaeum 19] (Liège/Austin 1999) 11-20.

M. Fountoulakis, "To anthropologiko yliko tes Manikas Chalkidas," in A. Sampson,

Manika: Mia protoelladkie pole sten Chalkida (Chalkis 1985) 393-458.

M. Fountoulakis, "Some Unusual Burial Practices in the Early Helladic Necropolis of Manika," in R. Laffineur (ed.), THANATOS: Les coutûmes funéraires en Égée à l'Age du Bronze [Aegaeum 1] (Liège 1987) 29-33.

P. Halstead, "The Bronze Age Demography of Crete and Greece - A Note," BSA 72(1977) 107-111.

C. Iezzi, Regional Differences in the Health Status of Late Bronze Age Mycenaean Populations from East Lokris, Greece (Ph.D. thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo 2005).

C. Iezzi, “Regional Differences in the Health Status of the Mycenaean Women of East Lokris,” in L. A. Schepartz, S. C. Fox, and C. Bourbou (eds.), New Directions in the Skeletal Biology of Greece [Hesperia Supplement 43] (Athens 2009) 174-192.

A. Ingvarsson-Sundström, Children Lost and Found: A Bioarchaeological Study of Middle Helladic Children in Asine with a Comparison to Lerna (Ph.D. dissertation, Uppsala University 2003). [http://publications.uu.se/uu/fulltext/nbn_se_uu_diva-3289.pdf]

A. Ingvarsson-Sundström, Asine III: Supplementary Studies on the Swedish Excavations 1922-1930. Fasc. 2: Children Lost and Found: A Bioarchaeological Study of Middle Helladic Children in Asine with a Comparison to Lerna (Stockholm 2008).

A. Ingvarsson-Sundström, “Tooth Counts and Individuals: Health Status in the East Cemetery and Barbouna at Asine as Interpreted from Teeth,” in A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds.), MESOHELLADIKA: The Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age [BCH Supplement 52] (Paris 2010) 471-477.

F. Kanz, K. Grossschmidt, and J. Kiesslich, “Subsistence and More in Middle Bronze Age Aegina Kolonna: An Anthropology of Newborn Children,” in A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds.), MESOHELLADIKA: The Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age [BCH Supplement 52] (Paris 2010) 479-487.

R. J. King, S. S. Özcan, T. Carter, E. Kalfoglou, S. Atasoy, C. Triantaphyllidis, A. Kouvatsi, A. A. Lin, C-E. T. Chow, L. A. Zhivotovsky, M. Michalodimitrakis, and P. A. Underhill, “Differential Y-Chromosome Anatolian Influences on the Greek and Cretan Neolithic,” Annals of Human Genetics 72(2008) 205-214.

L. Kovatsi, D. Nikou, S. Kouidoou-Andreou, S. Triantaphyllou, C. Zerner, and S. Voutsaki, “Ancient DNA Analysis of Human Remains from Middle Helladic Lerna,” in A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds.), MESOHELLADIKA: The Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age [BCH Supplement 52] (Paris 2010) 489-494.

F. Mallegni, "I gruppi umani dell'età del Bronzo in Grecia (antico e medio Elladico): tentativo di sintesi antropologica," in C. G. Doumas and V. La Rosa (eds.), E Poliochne kai e Proïme Epoche tou Chalkou sto Boreio Aigaio (Athens 1997) 443-449.

P. J. P. McGeorge, The Minoans: Demography, Physical Variation and Affinities (Ph.D. dissertation, University of London 1983).

P. J. P. McGeorge, "A Crime in the Late Minoan III Period," Archaiologia 11(1984) 12-16 [in Greek].

P. J. P. McGeorge, "Opérations chirurgicales sur les crânes minoens," Septième Rencontre Internationale de l'Archéologie et d'Histoire d'Antibes (1986)        .

P. J. P. McGeorge, "Nea stoicheia yia to meso oro zoes ste minoïke Krete," Kretike Estia 4:1(1987) 9-15.

P. J. P. McGeorge, "Biosocial Evolution in Bronze Age Crete," in Eilapine: Tomos timetikos yia ton Kathegete Nikolao Platona (Athens 1987) 407-416.

P. J. P. McGeorge, "Health and Diet in Minoan Times," in R. E. Jones and H. W. Catling (eds.), New Aspects of Archaeological Science in Greece (Athens 1988) 47-54.

P. J. P. McGeorge, "A Comparative Study of the Mean Life Expectation of the Minoans," in Pepragmena tou ST' Diethnous Archaiologikou Synedriou A1 (Chania 1990) 419-428.

T. McGeorge, "Oi anthropoi tes Pylonas," in H periphereia tou mykenaïkou kosmou [A' Diethnes Diepistemoniko Symposio, Lamia, 25-29 Septembriou 1994] (Lamia 1999) 301-302.

T. McGeorge, “Anthropological Approach to the Pylona Tombs: The Skeletal Remains,” in E. Karantzali, The Mycenaean Cemetery at Pylona on Rhodes [BAR-IS 988] (Oxford 2001) 82-99.

J. H. Musgrave and S. P. Evans, "By Strangers Honor'd: A Statistical Study of Ancient Crania from Crete, Mainland Grece, Cyprus, Israel and Egypt," Journal of Mediterranean Anthropology and Archaeology 1(1981) 50-107.

J. H. Musgrave, R. A. H. Neave, and A. J. N. W. Prag, "The Priest and Priestess from Archanes-Anemospilia: Reconstructing Minoan Faces," BSA 89(1994) 89-100.

J. H. Musgrave, R. A. H. Neave, and A. J. N. W. Prag, "Seven Faces from Grave Circle B at Mycenae," BSA 90(1995) 107-136.

A. Nafplioti, Population Bio-cultural History in the South Aegean during the Bronze Age (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southampton 2007).

A. Nafplioti, “Mycenae Revisited Part 2. Exploring the Local versus Non-Local Geographical Origin of the Individuals from Grave Circle A: Evidence from Strontium Isotope Ratio (87Sr/86Sr) Analysis,” BSA 104(2009) 279-291.

G. Nordquist and A. Ingvarsson-Sundström, “Live Hard, Die Young: Middle and Early Late Helladic Mortuary Remains of Children from the Argolid in Social Context,” in A. Dakouri-Hild and S. Sherratt (eds.), AUTHOCHTHON: Papers Presented to O. T. P. K. Dickinson on the Occasion of His Retirement [BAR-IS 1432] (Oxford 2005) 156-174.

A. Papathanasiou, A Bioarchaeological Analysis of Neolithic Alepotrypa Cave, Greece [BAR-IS 961] (Oxford 2001).

A. Papathanasiou, “Stable Isotope Analysis in Neolithic Greece and Possible Implications on Human Health,” International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 13(2003) 314-324.

A. Papathanasiou, E. Zachou, and M. P. Richards, “Bioarchaeological Analysis of the Human Osteological Material from Proskynas, Lokris,” in L. A. Schepartz, S. C. Fox, and C. Bourbou (eds.), New Directions in the Skeletal Biology of Greece [Hesperia Supplement 43] (Athens 2009) 223-233.

I. Papazoglou-Manioudaki, A. Nafplioti, J. H. Musgrave, R. A. H. Neave, D. Smith, and A. J. N. W. Prag, “Mycenae Revisited Part 1. The Human Remains from Grave Circle A: Stamatakis, Schliemann and Two New Faces from Shaft Grave VI,” BSA 104(2009) 233-277.

Z. Parras, The Biological Affinities of the Eastern Mediterranean in the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age: A Regional Dental Non-metric Approach [BAR-IS 1305] (Oxford 2004).

E. I. Petroutsa and S. K. Manolis, “Reconstructing Late Bronze Age Diet in Mainland Greece Using Stable Isotope Analysis,” JAS 37(2010) 614-620.

M. R. Popham and J. H. Musgrave, "The Late Helladic IIIC Intramural Burials at Lefkandi, Euboea," BSA 86(1991) 273-296.

J. Prag and R. Neave, Making Faces: Using Forensic and Archaeological Evidence (College Station 1997).

T. D. Price, J. H. Burton, and R. A. Bentley, “The Characterization of Biologically Available Strontium Isotope Ratios for the Study of Prehistoric Migration,” Archaeometry 44(2002) 117-135.

C. Renfrew, “Who Were the Minoans? Towards a Population History of Crete,” Cretan Studies 5(1996) 1-27.

C. Renfrew and K. Boyle (eds.), Archaeogenetics: DNA and the Population Prehistory of Europe (Cambridge 2000).

M. P. Richards and R. E. M. Hedges, “Stable Isotope Evidence of Past Human Diet at the Sites of the Neolithic Dave of Gerani; the Late Minoan III Cemetery of Armenoi; Grave Circles A and B at the Palace Site of Mycenae; and Late Helladic Chamber Tombs,” in Y. Tzedakis, H. Martlew, and M. K. Jones (eds.), Archaeology Meets Science: Biomolecular Investigations in Bronze Age Greece: The Primary Scientific Evidence, 1997-2003 (Oxford 2008) 220-229.

F. R. Riley, The Role of the Traditional Mediterranean Diet in the Development of Minoan Crete: Archaeological, Nutritional and Biochemical Evidence [BAR-IS 810] (Oxford 1999).

K. Schaller, "Methodische Grundlagen der Interpretation von bronzezeitlichen Körperzeichen in der Ägäis und im östlichen Mittelmeerraum," in F. Blakolmer (ed.), Österreichische Forschungen zur ägäischen Bronzezeit 1998 (Vienna 2000) 27-48.

L. A. Schepartz, S. Miller-Antonio, and J. M. A. Murphy, “Differential Health among the Mycenaeans of Messenia: Status, Sex, and Dental Health at Pylos,” in L. A. Schepartz, S. C. Fox, and C. Bourbou (eds.), New Directions in the Skeletal Biology of Greece [Hesperia Supplement 43] (Athens 2009) 155-174.

L. A. Schepartz, S. C. Fox, and C. Bourbou (eds.), New Directions in the Skeletal Biology of Greece [Hesperia Supplement 43] (Athens 2009).

O. Semino, C. Magri, G. Benuzzi, A. A. Lin, N. Al-Zahery, V. Battaglia, L. Maccioni, C. Triantaphyllidis, P. Shen, P. J. Oefner, L. A. Zhivotovsky, R. King, A. L. Torroni, L. L. Cavalli-Sforza, P. A. Underhill, and A. Santachiara-Benerecetti, “Origin, Diffusion and Differentiation of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups E and J: Inferences on the Neolithization of Europe and Later Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area,” American Journal of Human Genetics 74(2004) 1023-1034.

S. K. Smith, "Skeletal and Dental Evidence for Social Status in Late Bronze Age Athens," in S. Vaughan and W. Coulson (eds.), Paleodiet in the Aegean (Oxford 2000) 105-113.

S. K. Smith, “Skeletal Evidence for Militarism in Mycenaean Athens,” in L. A. Schepartz, S. C. Fox, and C. Bourbou (eds.), New Directions in the Skeletal Biology of Greece [Hesperia Supplement 43] (Athens 2009) 99-111.

S. Triandaphyllou, "Prehistoric Cemetery Populations from Northern Greece: A Breath of Life for the Skeletal Remains,"  in  K. Branigan (ed.), Cemetery and Society in the Aegean Bronze Age [Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology 1] (Sheffield 1998) 150-164.

S. Triantaphyllou, A Bioarchaeological Approach to Prehistoric Cemetery Populations from Central and Western Greek Macedonia [BAR-IS 976] (Oxford 2001).

S. Triantaphyllou, “A Bioarchaeological Approach to Bronze Age Cemetery Populations from Western and Central Greek Macedonia,” in K. P. Foster and R. Laffineur (eds.), METRON: Measuring the Aegean Bronze Age [Aegaeum 24] (Liège/Austin 2003) 217-222.

S. Triantaphyllou, “Prospects for Reconstructing the Lives of Middle Helladic Populations in the Argolid: Past and Present of Bone Studies,” in A. Philippa-Touchais, G. Touchais, S. Voutsaki, and J. Wright (eds.), MESOHELLADIKA: The Greek Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age [BCH Supplement 52] (Paris 2010) 441-451.

S. Triantaphyllou, M. P. Richards, C. Zerner, and S. Voutsaki, “Isotopic Dietary Reconstruction of Humans from Middle Bronze Age Lerna, Argolid, Greece,” JAS 35(2008) 3028-3034.

A. Tsaliki, “Evidence of Platycnemia 5,000 years B.P. at Sifnos, Greece,” British Association for Biological Anthropology and Osteoarchaeology Annual Review 4(2003)  13-14.

A. Tsaliki, “Ancient Human Skeletal Remains from Sifnos: An Overview,” Proceedings of the 2nd International Sifnean Symposium, Sifnos, June 27-30 2002. In memoriam Nikolaos Vernicos-Eugenides. Vol. I: Antiquity (Athens 2005) 139-154.

Y. Tzedakis and H. Martlew (eds.), Minoans and Mycenaeans: Flavours of Their Time (Athens 1999).

Y. Tzedakis, H. Martlew, and M. K. Jones (eds.), Archaeology Meets Science: Biomolecular Investigations in Bronze Age Greece: The Primary Scientific Evidence, 1997-2003 (Oxford 2008).

S. M. Wall, J. H. Musgrave, and P. M. Warren, "Human Bones from a Late Minoan IB House at Knossos," BSA 81(1986) 333-388.

N. I. Xirotiris, "The Indo-Europeans in Greece: An Anthropological Approach," JIES 8(1980) 201-210.