Assessing Cancer Survivors’ Needs Using Web–Based Technology

Using Web-based technology can be an efficient, comprehensive method for assessing cancer survivors’ needs so that cancer survivor programs and treatment centers can better tailor their resources.

Cancer survivors often develop many physical and psychological complications from cancer and associated treatments, such as pain, cognitive impairment, peripheral necropathy, fatigue, and sleep disturbance. Many cancer survivors also experience social problems such as role disruption or social isolation. Previous studies have also examined cancer survivors’ needs, but the results are difficult to generalize because more often than not they are relevant only to individuals diagnosed with a specific form of cancer.

Lavoie Smith et al. recently published a paper in CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing describing a pilot test for a Web-based cancer survivor needs assessment survey in which three sampling approaches were used. A Web-based needs-assessment survey was also conducted on a more diverse population to identify the general needs of cancer survivors. Three recruitment strategies were used to identify which sampling method would be most effective in reaching a diverse population.

To obtain samples, one population-based and two convenience sampling approaches were used. The New Hampshire Mammography Network (NHMN) was used to obtain a population-based sample of women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer. A convenience sample was drawn from nine community cancer centers and one comprehensive cancer center by hand-distributing letters to people checking in for their clinical appointments. The second convenience sampling approach consisted of unsolicited individuals who found the surveys online at one of three sites: the New Hampshire Cancer Plan Web site or two New Hampshire cancer center Web sites.

Of the 547 cancer survivors who completed the survey over four months, 48% were from the NHMN sampling method. Regarding unmet needs, the survey revealed a high incidence of fatigue. The study also found that the most frequently requested assistance needs were for losing weight, decreasing fatigue, and improving flexibility, sleep, and memory. Smith et al. also found a significant difference in the frequency of cancer diagnoses and remission rates across recruitment strategies. Furthermore, a statistically significant association was found between the cancer type and the proportion of survivors using different resources, with more breast cancer survivors reporting using resources.

This pilot study demonstrated the capacity for a Web-based survey to obtain rapid, comprehensive data from a state-wide population. Direct data entry also decreased the chances of data entry errors or missing data. Using Web–based surveys could help healthcare professionals identify gaps in care as well as which resources are likely to be used by survivors. Future studies will be looking into using Web–based surveying methods for longitudinal studies as well as the effectiveness of cancer survivor resources in decreasing unmet needs over time.

References:

1. E.M. Lavoie Smith et al., CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing 0, 1-11 (2012).